Can already seek Chinese market multinational companies, are no longer willing to allow Chinese enterprises to maintain control over the introduction of technology for learning, they attempt to scale the huge Chinese market take-all

From mechanical to electronic control formula is a revolutionary change in diesel fuel injection systems. One sign is the so-called revolutionary technology makes it capable of producing mechanical fuel system quickly became useless.

The inescapable fact is that when electronically controlled diesel injection technology in the world has begun to spread, multinational inroads into the Chinese market, all Chinese companies so far are still only produce a mechanical pump nozzle. Thus, a relatively independent Chinese oil pump and nozzle industry's survival threatened.

Introduction of generic steering technology

Soviet aid Luoyang First Tractor Factory as a milestone, and gradually establish a China-based agricultural machinery supporting independent oil pump and nozzle industry. To reform and opening up previously, under the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Fuel Injection Equipment companies a total of 10, including Wuxi, Beijing, Nanjing, Jinjiang, the Han River, Hubei, Shandong Huangxian, Dalian eight professional Fuel Injection Equipment Plant, and Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory and Luoyang Tractor Factory Affiliated Fuel Injection plants, the formation of "8 + 2" pattern.

With the rapid development of China's automobile industry, especially in the late 1980s and early 1990s trucks "Gasoline and diesel reform" policies to promote the rapid development of diesel engine industry. During this period, Chinese enterprises started by generic buy production licenses, technical cooperation and other means to introduce some foreign advanced technology and models, while the level of self-developed diesel engine has also been improved. By 1990, China's annual output of diesel vehicles has reached 75,800, diesel vehicles accounted for 14.9% in 2000 and 29.7% to reach 614,000. 90's, great development of construction machinery industry has become another major user of diesel engines. With the expansion of demand, and a number of Weichai and Yuchai diesel engines, agricultural machinery industry was born enterprises grow up.

Diesel vehicles and diesel engine development enterprise directly stimulating the rapid expansion of the oil pump and nozzle industry to the early 1990s, China pumps Youzui enterprises reached 200. At that time, oil pump and nozzle in short supply, the industry was profitable entrepreneurs. The past 10 years, oil pump and nozzle industry appears tumult and differentiation. Currently, there is a certain amount of pump nozzle probably there are about 70 companies, a total of 40,000 employees in 2003, produced a total of 1.973 million units of multi-cylinder fuel pump, with annual sales income of 4.19 billion yuan. Among them, the output of the top 10 companies account for 80% of the industry total.

Overall, in the era of mechanical fuel injection system, China's industrial development is relatively smooth pump nozzle. In the Euro II emission standard and the following product areas, although multinational companies landed in China and investment in factories, but in terms of single diesel pump nozzle field, multinational companies did not achieve significant competitive advantage.

Joint flag "technology introduction of the" historical turning point

When this industry experienced revolutionary changes in technology, Chinese local enterprises technical disadvantages obviously presented. The reason is profound.

In the era of mechanical fuel injection system, due to the slow pace of technological change and is highly continuity, Chinese enterprises through the introduction of imitation and self-improvement can keep pace with technology, and rely on low-cost manufacturing and maintain a competitive advantage. But technological change mechanical to electronic control is leaps and bounds, not only need to know the traditional pump nozzle enterprises do not have the electronics and precision machining technology, but also need to develop a general lack of experience and capabilities of Chinese enterprises.

More importantly, the relationship between Chinese companies and the introduction of technology between the object has undergone fundamental changes, resulting in the past can be relatively easy to imitate or by buying technology licenses to introduce technical conditions exist.

In 1990, machinery and the Department of Science and Technology jointly launched a massive EFI technology research project, which focuses on solving problems emission gasoline engine. The project was set up in Wuxi headquarters, participants to Weifu Group, Wuxi Institute of pump nozzle and associated research institute under the General Staff based. In the course of this project, taking into account the huge potential of the Chinese market and China feel threatened by the potential development of local autonomy, including Bosch, Siemens, Ford, etc., multinational companies have applied to join the project.

Bosch eventually won the bid, and the United Automobile Electronics Co. each hold a 50% stake in the establishment (Shanghai) Joint Electronic (UAES). The main contents of this joint project is a joint venture of Bosch to provide technology EV6 gasoline fuel injection systems in the field of technology licensing. In Shanghai joint electronics, Bosch occupies a complete technology initiative in this joint venture and does not have any development activities. However, the project still has played a positive role. First, it had to make Bosch joint venture license more advanced technology, from the initial EV1.3 technology into advanced EV6; secondly, it greatly reduces the Bosch license fees by 80 million marks reduced to 29 million marks .

Electronic Fuel Injection technology research projects to the transferee foreign technology joint ventures end up reflects China "technology introduction," a historical turning point. This form of the previous fundamental difference between the purchase of technology licenses that have been able to seek Chinese market, foreign companies are no longer willing to allow Chinese enterprises to maintain control over the introduction of technology for learning. Although the project ultimately identified through the ministerial level in 1996, but virtually no development of Chinese enterprises through this project obtained EFI technology.

The reason is simple, the joint venture is not own the technology developed, but to provide ready-made technology and firmly controlled by foreign parent. The result is a joint venture by the "introduction" of foreign products, and not "introduce" technology. Thus, this project did not become China's domestic technology industry start.

Fuel Injection industry viable threatened

If the gasoline engine EFI technology is so, then the more complex electronically controlled diesel injection technology even more so. To date, all the Chinese enterprises are still only produce a mechanical pump nozzle. This situation implies a huge market of China diesel engine industry, we will have to rely solely on the fuel injection system controlled by foreign companies.

This will seriously affect China's internal combustion engine industry and the automotive industry, and even affect the military vehicles, ships, agricultural and construction machinery and so on fields. Far as a civilian vehicle, the 2004 China produced 1.51 million trucks, diesel vehicles which is 1.259 million; additional diesel bus production was 160 000, so the use of diesel engine trucks and buses total an annual output of 1.419 million.

Prospects of China Fuel Injection Equipment industry and therefore threatened. Follow the international trend of environmental protection, the Chinese government starting from July 1, 2007 implementation of national emission standards at the national level 3 (equivalent to Euro III). But mechanically controlled fuel injection systems through technological innovation, the most they can meet Euro II emission standards, but rather for the Euro III emission standard than the non-use electronic control technology is not available. While some industry insiders believe that due to the Chinese market demand and national differences in levels of future emissions control efforts and other factors, mechanical fuel injection system is still at least another 10 years or so of the market, but the arrival of new technologies, there is no doubt only a matter of time .

Some multinational companies have begun large-scale investment and build factories in China, the goal is the production of diesel injection systems than Euro III emissions. For domestic production of traditional mechanical fuel injection system of enterprises, technological backwardness can not simply measured by time, if not a new technology R & D, companies will inevitably walk into a dead end.